Oppenheimer, (Julius) Robert
The Oxford Companion to World War II
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to World War II 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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Oppenheimer, (Julius) Robert (1904–67),US nuclear physicist whose outstanding teaching and research abilities quickly established his reputation during the 1930s. In August 1942 the US Army was made responsible for organizing the efforts of British and US physicists towards developing an
atomic bomb and Oppenheimer was asked to set up and administer a suitable establishment. He chose Los Alamos, New Mexico, as the site and it was there that the bomb was developed. For this work he received the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946 (see
decorations), but in 1954, having opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb on both technical and moral grounds, he was accused of being a communist sympathizer and had his security clearance revoked. See also
scientists at war.
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